Coal is a fossil fuel consisting mainly of carbon, which has been used as the primary energy source for more than a century. it is widely used across a number of industries. Contrary to popular belief, Coal is still the world’s fastest-growing energy source. Compared to other energy sources such as gas, oil, nuclear energy, using coal as an energy source is still much more affordable. The global coal industry is feed from the world’s biggest mines, which mainly consist of fossil fuel. Mining is also a sector that provides significant employment, offers safer mining opportunities with modern technology. There are four main mining methods: underground, open surface (pit), placer, and in-situ mining. Half of the coal mines in Africa are mined by surface mining, via open-cast or open-pit mines. Open-pit mining is a preferred method in Africa cause mostly coal is less than 60 meters below the surface. Coal is an important energy source for the African continent, and coal trade is an important export product for producing countries, especially the Republic of South Africa. More than a quarter of coal mined in South Africa is exported, most of which leaves the country via Richards Bay. Coal is South Africa's third-largest source of foreign exchange; Metallurgical coal or coking coal is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke, however, very few of the African coal mines have coke reserves. Coke "Metallurgical coal" is used in steel production, it is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking. Metallurgical coal is the critical building material for the construction of high-rise buildings. Mainly composed of carbon, coal has been a prominent source of power generation for more than a hundred years. It does not create an energy dependency like limited and regional energy sources such as oil and natural gas. Coal demand consists of searching for the most appropriate, best quality and most economical product, there is no material for politics. Coal is one of the world’s most used source for electric production. Worldwide, 40% of electricity production is made of coal, In many countries, it's much higher. Coal also serves as fuel in the extraction of iron from iron ore, also an essential fuel for steel and for the production of cement. Coal is an important material for many other industries
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